Tree for harmony

 YFN is going to organize an event title" Tree for Harmony" in an occasion of World Peace Day . 

ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS; KNOWING YOUR WORLD

GLOBAL WARMING NATURE'S RESPONSE.

Scientists have shown that the Earth's average temperature has risen slightly in the last few decades. But, not all scientists agree on what changes this will bring in Earth's climate.

The Earth has gone through many cycles of warming and cooling in the past. As Earth's climate changes, nature responds to bring things back into balance. We know there has been an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during the last 100 years. We also know that carbon dioxide absorbs heat from the Earth's surface, slowing the escape of heat from the Earth's surface to space. This is the Greenhouse Effect. This increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) has been partially linked to human activities, such as manufacturing and burning large areas of forest. Some scientists think this will cause the Earth's ice caps to begin to melt, causing ocean levels to rise. Coastal cities would risk flooding. Other scientists think the Earth will adapt. One thought is that some plants will benefit from more carbon dioxide. Since plants use carbon dioxide, this may make them more efficient growers. Some evidence of this may already be occurring in some types of ocean algae. When the algae die, it sinks to the ocean floor, taking carbon with it. This is called carbon sequestration, and is a way the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere might be reduced. Another adaptation that may happen is a change in the Earth's cloud cover. A warmer climate may increase water evaporation. More water vapor in the atmosphere could increase cloud cover. Sunlight would be directly reflected out into space before it reaches the Earth's surface, making less available to heat the Earth. If these adaptations occur, a change in Earth's climate would still take place, but the change may not be as drastic as some predict. It usually takes decades or centuries for changes in climate to take place. We will not know the total effect of the warming atmosphere on Earth's climate and ecosystems for some time. This does not mean that attempts should not be made to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide people are putting into the air. Recently, many governments worldwide met to set up limitations on the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (gases that slow down heat escaping from the Earth). Individuals can do their part by doing things like planting trees and using products that do not release large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

ENERGY AND ECOSYSTEM ; USE SOME LOOSE SOME

Life on Earth is possible because energy flows one way through ecosystems, while matter cycles endlessly. Water and elements, such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur are examples of matter that cycles through ecosystems.

The original source of almost all energy in an ecosystem is the Sun. All of the energy the sun releases does not reach Earth. One one-billionth of the Sun's total energy output actually reaches the Earth. Of all the energy that does reach Earth, slightly less than 34 percent is reflected back to space by clouds. The Earth itself reflects another 66 percent back to space. Less than one percent of the total energy that reaches Earth is used by plants for photosynthesis. Plants are often called producers because of their ability to make their own food from the sun's energy. When scientists discuss energy, they often refer to the Laws of Thermodynamics. The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created or destroyed. The Second Law states that energy is constantly converted from high quality to low quality. High quality energy is capable of performing a large amount of work, while low quality energy is capable of performing less work. Scientists know that energy always changes from high to low quality when work is performed. During the change, some energy is lost in the form of heat, which cannot do work. The amount of energy lost as heat is often as high as 90 percent of the total energy involved. Putting all this together in an example, if 1,000,000 units of solar energy were to reach Earth, one percent or 10,000 units, would be available for plants to use. Of these 10,000 units, plants would lose 90 percent, or 9,000 units, as heat. If an animal then ate the plants, it would only receive 1,000 units of energy. These animals are called primary consumers because they cannot produce their own food. Cows and sheep are examples of primary consumers. If another animal eats the cow or sheep, it would only receive 100 units of energy, since the cow or sheep would lose 900 units as heat. Animals that eat other animals are called secondary consumers. Scientists believe that four or five of these energy transformations are the most possible before the amount of energy transferred is too small to support life. NATURAL RESOURCES . CAN WE USE THEM FOREVER???? People use many of the Earth's natural resources. All of the products we use have a natural resource base. Minerals, forest products, water, and soil are just a few of the natural resources humans use to produce energy and make things people use. Some natural resources can be reproduced within a few years or decades. These are called renewable resources. Trees are an example of a renewable resource. Oil, minerals, and soil take hundreds, thousands and even millions of years to be made. These are called non-renewable resources. It is very important we use renewable and non-renewable resources wisely. If a resource is used and thrown away, eventually the resource becomes scarce. When the supply dwindles, its price will increase. Products that are made from that resource would increase in price too. Sometimes resources become so rare they can no longer be used. In these cases, substitute resources may be used, which may make a poorer quality product, or one that is more expensive. If substitutes can not be used, some products could no longer be made. Wise use of resources includes not throwing away products that are reuseable or recyclable. When these products are reused or recycled, it maintains resource availability, uses less landfill space, and uses less energy.

MY RECENT BLOG

Proper Imitation

Human civilzation had started from same era at different parts of the earth.Many ups and down might have happened in the environment upto here.Apart from struggle for existance,humans had involved with many disputes.Also,dominancy had been common starting of groups at different parts of the world at same epoch.The way of dominancy had hampered to respective societies before.Side by side,leadership had been very begining of the continousing societies.The condition now is totally different.the countries are ranked as developed,developing,and underdepeloped.Developed are regarded as good civlization.developing and underdeveloped are still running to be better.Differences had became the conclusion of long time though the lives had started at the same time.
Nepal,a developing country got more hinderences.for sure,first is topography.One might thinks politically, but everyone would know that political problems are not the big deal as we find the worst nations( because of bad poitical condition) doing better .But the blockage due to topography is also no longer existed because there are examples of better nations with alike geography of nepal.What may be the reason behind for these vast difference?.It is time to analyze and feel the bitter realism.
Their lifestyles and livelihood is comparatively better than us.They do have cozy living than our pattern.and it is not a matter of concern to copy the way of developed one by the survivors living like at our country.There are some limitations at the cultural prespectives and even the infrastructures to be copied.Instutions must copy their way of management. It is not all about to exact copy from the G8s but necessary to step forward with proper imitations with some new begins.Applying the reliable ideas that suits to our nation is essential so imitating the reliable one could be far better than the exactness.Participation and implementation of everyone and every resources respectively may be the good way to go ahead.Conscioussness of all with their own efforts is required.
If anyone are intrested at any activities,they could be easily involved.for instance,if a man won't die for his duty then he could be regarded as unsucessful and the frusted one.All we must do is for us and our generations in a sustain.Life is not about to be negative with anyone.any efforts that we put forward from our level should be the outcome of our hardwork.We must have a powerful desire to donate something as a humans.These humours would come from the inspirers and we must adopt the developed countries as our inspirers but we shouldnot forget that we are still searching our rank.We must have a passion and must have self and strong determination to take ourself to the heighness of our potentiality.Observing the descent condition and seiving the background is essential to promote our motherland.So,please Lets begin with proper imitation.

-Bikash Bhandari

Glacier melt in Pokhara,Nepal

At least seven people have been swept away and dozens are missing, in a flashlood early Saturday on the Seti River in Pokhara that seems to have been triggered by an avalanche upstream in the Annapurna mountains.
Latest reports say police and army personnel are trying to make their way up the Seti River to ascertain damage, but buses, houses and have been swept away in the outskirts of Pokhara with thousands thronging the bridges on the city to see the gorged river which flows beneath the city.
What makes Pokhara scenic is also the reason why it is vulnerable to avalanche floods. The city lies only 900m above sea level and the terrain rises to 8,000 metres within 35 km to the north. Avalanches and landslides in the Annapurnas therefore tumble down directly into the Seti and Mardi Rivers. The avalanches can block the rivers, causing large lakes to be impounded which then burst, causing flashfloods downstream.
Pokhara city is situated on the debris field of just such a cataclysmic flood about 800 years which geologists say was caused when the Seti burst through a dam created by a landslide or avalanche in its headwaters below Annapurna 4 and behind Machapuchre. One relic of this flood is the huge Bhim Dhunga boulder that is five-storey high in Pokhara Campus.
That flood event blocked side rivers leading to the formation of Phewa, Begnas and other lakes in the Pokhara Valley. In the last 800 years, the Seti has cut through the soft deposits of sand and boulders forming canyons and flowing directly under the city.
The dramatic terrain also gives Pokhara the highest rainfall in Nepal of more than 4,000mm per year: even more than eastern Nepal. The rainfall doesn’t just increase the flood danger, but also massive landslides every monsoon in Kaski, Tanahu and Parbat districts.
Although Saturday’s flood doesn’t seem to have been caused by a glacial lake outburst, nor can it be directly attributed to global warming. The vertical terrain and high precipitation make Pokhara vulnerable to such floods as shown by the big flood 800 years ago. However, climate change could exacerbate the problem and make such floods bigger and more frequent.
The high casualty rate was probably due to settlements and sand mining activity along the river by people who don’t expect floods during the dry season.

Climate change model

                                                                 Climate change model

Climate models are quantitative methods used to interactions of atmosphere ,ocean,landsurface and sea ice.they are used to project future climate.
The most talked about models are those relating temperature to O2 emission.these models have projected an upward trend in the surface temperature at higher altitude .Similarly,they have projected a substantial decrease in arctic sea ice thickness.
recently-3d GCM model has been developed which works on the following principle.
-simulate the earth's atmosphere mathematically by covering the earth surface with  0-64 stacked layers of giggantic cell (3 k.m)
-assign an initialvalue for each variable to each box. these variables include temperature,pressure,wind speed and direction,concenteration of key chemicals CO2 and H2O vapour.
-Develop a set of equations describing the expected flow of energy and matter in and out of the box filled atmosphere.the input called boundary conditions includes variables such as solar radiation,precipitation,cloudiness,interactions between atmosphere and ocean aswell as air pollutants.
-Develpo an elaborate  set of mathematical equations that connect the cellso that when the value of any of these input variables undergo changes in one cell.The value of variables in surrounding cell undergoes change in realistic way.
-run the model on a copmputer ti simulate change in average global temperature and climate change in the part (to verify the model) and project future change.

Beauty of environment

There are different species in environment and it makes the nature remains at it's condition.especially this blog is about different things regarding environment.and the plants are the important factor of the environment.i had posted the adverse affect of environment pollution and global warming on previous posts that are under the environment change in a sense that the condition of environment is deteriorated due to the human's reasons of destroying the earth by pollution as well as illiteracy

On the other hand there are different beautiful aspects of environment because of we called nature.there are different flowers that are so attractive as well as they give boon for the scenario of any place.Actually, what we must know is environment change doesn't means  only negative change but also positive and may be just change in its original status.but we must be focused today that increase in population are deteriorating it conditions so we emphasize on the stuffs or change like global warming.

After i went to the beautiful place at Daman of Nepal i found that the place was so beautiful .Nature and environment are properly at it condition
 

.I begun to think if these status will loose the recent conditions then its meaningless to be in this earth.so we must be aware to save and preserve its condition for our goodness as well as for our offspring.